Cervical Cancer and HPV Myths and Facts You Need to Know

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide according to the World Health Organization. . Yet despite how common it is, cervical cancer is also one of the most preventable cancers. Misinformation—especially around HPV, Pap tests, and screening guidelines—can cause women to delay care.

Below, we break down the most common cervical cancer myths and facts, explain how HPV screening and Pap tests work, and share what you need to know to take charge of your cervical health.

Myth: Cervical cancer can’t be prevented.

Fact: Cervical cancer is highly preventable.

This is perhaps one of the biggest myths surrounding the disease. The good news is that cervical cancer is highly preventable and there are several actions you can take to protect yourself:

HPV Vaccination

The HPV vaccine helps prevent against several high-risk HPV strains.

• It’s recommended that HPV vaccination begin for girls and boys aged 11 or 12.
• If you didn’t receive the vaccine during adolescence, your provider may recommend it up to age 26.
• Select patients, from ages 27- 45, might also benefit from vaccination against HPV.

As always, it’s best to discuss your options with your provider.

Regular Pap tests and gynecologic exams

According to the National Cancer Institute, regular Pap testing can reduce cancer rates by 80%. Cervical cancer cells usually take many years to develop. Therefore, regular Pap tests can detect any possible changes in cervical cancer cells before they progress to cancer.

Myth: If you received the HPV vaccine, you don’t need regular Pap tests.

Fact: HPV vaccination does not replace cervical cancer screening.

The HPV vaccine is highly effective in preventing against several high-risk HPV strains, reducing the risk of cervical cancer. However, it does not eliminate the need for regular Pap tests, as the vaccine does not cover all cancer-causing strains.

During the Pap test, your provider will use a plastic or metal instrument, called a speculum, to look inside your vagina. This helps your provider to examine the vagina and the cervix and gently brush to collect a few cells from the cervix for testing. These cells are then sent to a laboratory for testing. In some cases, an HPV test may be recommended. This is completed in a similar manner but looks for HPV in the cervical cells. Your Axia Women’s Health provider can help you determine your personal screening plan.

Cervical cancer screening guidelines

• The  American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologistsrecommends cervical cancer screening begin for all women at the age of 21.
• From the ages of 21-29 a Pap test is recommended every 3 years.
• From ages 30-65, any of the following is acceptable screening: a Pap test alone every 3 years, HPV testing alone every 5 years or co-testing, meaning a Pap test completed in conjunction with the HPV test every 5 years.

Your Axia Women’s Health provider can create a screening plan based on your age, health history, and risk factors.

Myth: Pap tests are painful.

Facts: Pap tests are usually quick and cause only mild discomfort, if any.

Pap tests are generally not painful, although some individuals may experience mild discomfort. If you feel any pain or discomfort during the exam, don’t be afraid to speak up!

• Your provider can adjust the size of the speculum to make the exam more comfortable for you.
• Practicing slow, relaxed breathing can help you release any tension during the exam.
• Talking with your provider may also help you relax by offering a pleasant distraction.

Myth: If you have HPV, you’ll get cervical cancer.

Fact: Most HPV infections go away on their own.

This is a common myth that needs to be dispelled. Having HPV does not guarantee that you’ll develop cervical cancer.  While certain HPV strains increase your risk, the fact is most HPV infections resolve on their own without causing cancer.

However, because having HPV can increase your risk, it’s still important to get vaccinated. The vaccination can help improve your body’s chances of fighting of the infection.

Myth: You are more likely to get cervical cancer if you have had multiple sexual partners.

Fact: Sexual history alone does not determine cervical cancer risk.

While multiple sexual partners may increase the risk of HPV exposure, regular screenings and safe practices, along with vaccination, play a crucial role in prevention.

Myth: Pap tests can also test for sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Fact: Pap tests screen for cervical cancer—not STIs.

Pap tests detect abnormal cervical cells that may lead to cancer. They do not provide comprehensive STI screening. Additional testing can be ordered to test for STIs.

Myth: You don’t need a Pap test after menopause.

Fact: Cervical cancer risk continues as we age.

Regular Pap tests are still recommended if you’re going through or have gone through menopause. Your healthcare provider will guide you on the appropriate screening frequency based on individual health factors and when you can stop screening.

Myth: Cervical cancer symptoms are easy to spot.

Fact: Early cervical cancer often has no symptoms.

Early stages of cervical cancer may not exhibit noticeable symptoms, that’s why regular screening is critical. If cervical cancer progresses, it may cause symptoms like:

• vaginal bleeding after intercourse
• pelvic pain or pain during intercourse,
• vaginal discharge that is watery and has a strong odor or contains blood

Frequently Asked Questions About Cervical Cancer Screening

What causes HPV?

HPV (Human Papillomavirus) is caused by a virus that spreads through direct contact, primarily during sexual activity. HPV is very common. It spreads easily because it often has no symptoms.

Can you get rid of HPV?

In many cases, your immune system will suppress  HPV viruses but there is no treatment to eliminate it once exposed. .    It’s important to lower risk by getting the HPV vaccine and staying up to date on your Pap tests.

Can cervical cancer be prevented?

In most cases, yes. HPV vaccination and routine screening dramatically reduce cervical cancer risk.

How long can you have HPV before it turns to cervical cancer?

HPV usually takes many years, often a decade or more, to turn into cervical cancer. Because it develops slowly, this allows for plenty of opportunity for early detection through regular screening.

Is cervical cancer painful?

Cervical cancer in its early stages usually does not cause pain or noticeable symptoms. That’s one reason screening is so important—Pap tests and HPV tests can detect changes before cancer develops or causes symptoms.

Is there any cure for cervical cancer?

Cervical cancer can be treated successfully if caught early, which is why screening is critical. The type of treatment will depend on the stage of cancer and your overall health. This may include surgery, radiation, and/or chemotherapy.

Schedule Your Cervical Cancer Screening

Not sure if you’re due for a Pap test or HPV screening? Cervical cancer screening guidelines can change with age and health history. Schedule a visit with your Axia Women’s Health provider to discuss what’s right for you.